Abstract, China and Venezuela: South-South Cooperation or Rearticulated Dependency?

:::::: Abstract ::::::

China and Venezuela: South-South Cooperation or Rearticulated Dependency?

by Emma Miriam Yin-Hang To, Rodrigo Acuña

China’s increased participation in the world market and its consequent demand for energy has contributed to exacerbating the vulnerability of many externally oriented resource-rich countries. As a consequence, since the early 2000s the relationship between China and Venezuela has gone far beyond trade to an “energy cooperation” model with joint ventures and development funds not only in oil but also in nonresource sectors of the Venezuelan economy. Despite massive increases in social expenditure, Latin American theorists arguing from a neo-dependency perspective have questioned the long-term benefits of this so-called cooperation. They have characterized the relationship as “neoextractivist” in reference to the historically dependent relationship between Latin America and countries in the Global North. Whether the relationship is seen as based on South-South cooperation or on rearticulated global political and economic inequalities depends on whether the focus is on the behavior of the Chinese state and Chinese companies or on bilateral agreements between the two states. Although politically the relationship is based on cooperation, economically it displays many of the structural problems that Venezuela has faced since the discovery of oil.

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Abstract, China in Latin America: South-South Cooperation with Chinese Characteristics

:::::: Abstract ::::::

China in Latin America: South-South Cooperation with Chinese Characteristics

by Javier A. Vadell

The central questions for a critical analysis of the economic relations between China and Latin America and the Caribbean countries since the beginning of the twenty-first century are how to interpret the changes in them since the end of the commodities boom and whether they have resulted in the emulation in these countries of the Chinese model of development. Analysis suggests that, although the Chinese presence was welcome during the turbulence of the 2001 economic crisis, relations with China are becoming increasingly complex and reflect the political and economic principles of South-South cooperation.

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Abstract, Latin American Studies in China during the Cold War

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Latin American Studies in China during the Cold War
by Mao Xianglin and Shi Huiye


China’s Latin American studies during the Cold War can be divided into five phases. Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai showed concern for the development of Latin American studies in China. These studies were suspended during the Great Cultural Revolution. The field developed significantly in the 1970s and 1980s, with three academic associations being established and the five major systems of Latin American studies beginning to take shape. After 2000, Sino–Latin American relations entered a new era, and the first 10 years of the century saw their rapid development, opening broad perspectives for the field.

Introduction to The Cold War and Latin American Studies

:::::: Introduction ::::::

Introduction to The Cold War and Latin American Studies


Those of us whose academic careers evolved during the Cold War have intensely experienced pressures on our approaches to teaching and research. Some of us in North American universities were affected by anticommunist hysteria, required to sign loyalty oaths and face surveillance by the FBI and the CIA. Our work on Latin America sometimes involved protests of U.S. policy and direct or covert intervention into the affairs of countries in the hemisphere. The predominant role of the United States in Latin America dates to the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 and the nineteenth-century acquisition of territory through wars with Mexico and Spain. Academic interest in Latin America during the early twentieth century was largely shaped by diplomatic history and U.S. expansionism and imperialism. The end of World War II and the onset of the Cold War in 1945 saw the beginnings of Latin American studies as an interdisciplinary field.

Free Limited Access, China's Relations with the Latin American and Caribbean Countries: A Peaceful Panda Bear instead of a Roaring Dragon

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China and Latin America: Processes and Paradoxes (November 2015) Table of Contents China's Relations with the Latin American and Caribbean Countries: A Peaceful Panda Bear instead of a Roaring Dragon by Richard Harris Click here to READ and SHARE

Abstract

English: The Western academic literature and media coverage of the increasing economic and political relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC or China) and the Latin American and Caribbean countries contains biases, fears, and misinformation about those relations. Closer examination reveals that Chinese trade, investment and loans have supported the left-leaning governments in the region that are attempting to develop alternative postcapitalist societies. China's leaders seek allies among the developing countries to join with them in creating a new multipolar and more equitable global order. The PRC has launched a new economic strategy that makes consumer demand the main engine of China's economic development. It seeks to boost productivity, reduce the country's growing income disparities, and pursue an environmentally sustainable path of economic development based on advanced high-value and clean manufacturing technologies and renewable sources of clean energy. The PRC's goal of developing a new ecological civilization will provide opportunities for the Latin American and Caribbean economies to export a more diversified basket of goods to China and attract Chinese investments and loans into new areas such as renewable energy.

Free Limited Access, China's Relations with the Latin American and Caribbean Countries: A Peaceful Panda Bear instead of a Roaring Dragon

Get FREE online access to the article below!

China and Latin America: Processes and Paradoxes (November 2015) Table of Contents China's Relations with the Latin American and Caribbean Countries: A Peaceful Panda Bear instead of a Roaring Dragon by Richard Harris Click here to READ and SHARE

Abstract

English: The Western academic literature and media coverage of the increasing economic and political relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC or China) and the Latin American and Caribbean countries contains biases, fears, and misinformation about those relations. Closer examination reveals that Chinese trade, investment and loans have supported the left-leaning governments in the region that are attempting to develop alternative postcapitalist societies. China's leaders seek allies among the developing countries to join with them in creating a new multipolar and more equitable global order. The PRC has launched a new economic strategy that makes consumer demand the main engine of China's economic development. It seeks to boost productivity, reduce the country's growing income disparities, and pursue an environmentally sustainable path of economic development based on advanced high-value and clean manufacturing technologies and renewable sources of clean energy. The PRC's goal of developing a new ecological civilization will provide opportunities for the Latin American and Caribbean economies to export a more diversified basket of goods to China and attract Chinese investments and loans into new areas such as renewable energy.

Abstract, China’s Relations with the Latin American and Caribbean Countries: A Peaceful Panda Bear instead of a Roaring Dragon by Richard L. Harris

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract:  China’s Relations with the Latin American and Caribbean Countries: A Peaceful Panda Bear instead of a Roaring Dragon 

by Richard L. Harris

The Western academic literature and media coverage of the increasing economic and political relations between the People’s Republic of China (PRC or China) and the Latin American and Caribbean countries contains biases, fears, and misinformation about those relations. Closer examination reveals that Chinese trade, investment and loans have supported the left-leaning governments in the region that are attempting to develop alternative postcapitalist societies. China’s leaders seek allies among the developing countries to join with them in creating a new multipolar and more equitable global order. The PRC has launched a new economic strategy that makes consumer demand the main engine of China’s economic development. It seeks to boost productivity, reduce the country’s growing income disparities, and pursue an environmentally sustainable path of economic development based on advanced high-value and clean manufacturing technologies and renewable sources of clean energy. The PRC’s goal of developing a new ecological civilization will provide opportunities for the Latin American and Caribbean economies to export a more diversified basket of goods to China and attract Chinese investments and loans into new areas such as renewable energy.

Abstract, China and Cuba: 160 Years and Looking Ahead by Mao Xianglin, Adrian H. Hearn, and Liu Weiguang

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract:  China and Cuba: 160 Years and Looking Ahead 

by Mao Xianglin, Adrian H. Hearn, and Liu Weiguang

Sino-Cuban relations have deepened rapidly since the beginning of the twenty-first century, propelled by both political ideology and economic interests. A shared commitment to socialism with “local characteristics” has enabled the pursuit of an unusually broad range of cooperative initiatives. These include Chinese investment in the Cuban nickel and oil sectors, educational and medical exchange programs, the development of tourism, and engagement with the Chinese diaspora on the island. Data from Chinese sources on these spheres of engagement reflect an attempt to address contemporary needs with a blend of state and market forces. The intensification of Sino-Cuban relations over the past decade poses no challenge to the United States; on the contrary, it opens new opportunities for trilateral cooperation.

Abstract, Mexico, China, and the Politics of Trust by Adrian H. Hearn

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract:  Mexico, China, and the Politics of Trust 

by Adrian H. Hearn

Described by political scientists as a necessary condition for efficiency, productivity, and prosperity, trust has become a precept of good governance with global reach. The concept is often marshaled to support a conservative political agenda of state retrenchment and market deregulation. Proponents of this agenda argue that the natural inclination of private actors to trust and cooperate with each other is undermined by government monitoring and compliance regulations. The evidence from Mexico points to an alternative conclusion: when carefully targeted, state support to private actors has strengthened rather than impeded trusting relationships between suppliers, customers, and investors. Commercial competition with China raises an urgent challenge for Mexico’s government: to broaden the scope of its assistance beyond a narrow set of elite firms to small and medium-sized enterprises, including those of the resident Chinese community.

Abstract, Chinese Land Grabbing in Argentina and Colombia by Alicia Puyana and Agostina Costantino

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract:  Chinese Land Grabbing in Argentina and Colombia 

by Alicia Puyana and Agostina Costantino

Land grabbing by foreigners may be seen as the transfer of value from countries of the periphery to the countries of the center. China is one of the principal countries acquiring land in Latin America, and Argentina and Colombia are the main countries in which its investment is concentrated. The explicit objective of Chinese investment in land there is, in addition to the pursuit of profits in both food production and land value, acquiring a guaranteed supply of cheap food to sustain its low industrial wages and of Chinese manufactures to maintain its competitiveness at the international level. This makes this investment of crucial interest because it allows us to understand the dependent character of the development measures that are being employed in those Latin American countries despite their different ideological orientations.

Abstract, China Rising: Threats and Opportunities for Brazil by Marcelo Curado

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract:  China Rising: Threats and Opportunities for Brazil 

by Marcelo Curado

China’s economic rise has caused a radical change in the operating conditions of the capitalist system and opened a wide range of opportunities and challenges for Brazil’s development. The Brazilian productive structure is going through great changes, key among them being the loss of importance of the manufacturing industry in job creation and in total GDP, and the efforts of Brazilian capitalists to promote investment and innovation have fallen short. The latter is a key element for an understanding of Brazilian industry’s weak participation in the highly competitive international scene. These opportunities and challenges can only be adequately addressed by the maintenance and expansion of the planning efforts of the state.

Book, "Chinese Immigrants in Mexico" by Tamar Diana Wilson

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Book Reviews:  Chinese Immigrants in Mexico
By Tamar Diana Wilson

Julia María Schiavone Camacho:  Chinese Mexicans: Transpacific Migration and the Search for a Homeland, 1910–1960. Chapel Hill:  University of North Carolina Press, 2012.

Grace Peña Delgado:  Making the Chinese Mexican: Global Migration, Localism, and Exclusion in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2012.

Robert Chao Romero:  The Chinese in Mexico, 1882–1940. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2010.

Abstract, Understanding China’s Relations with the Latin American and Caribbean Countries: Research Notes by Richard L. Harris

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract, Understanding China’s Relations with the Latin American and Caribbean Countries:  Research Notes 

by Richard L. Harris

Since the formation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, its political leaders have been concerned with securing the country’s sovereignty, national unification, and territorial integrity as well as creating an international environment favorable to its peaceful development as a socialist society and to the development of a new multipolar world order based on peace and international cooperation rather than hegemony, extreme inequality, and war. In pursuit of these strategic goals, the PRC’s political leaders seek to foster long-term economic and political cooperation with the Latin American and Caribbean countries.

Abstract, Introduction, China and Latin America: Processes and Paradoxes by James M. Cypher and Tamar Diana Wilson

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract,  Introduction, China and Latin America:  Processes and Paradoxes 

by James M. Cypher and Tamar Diana Wilson

How has the increasing economic influence of China, especially since 2000, affected Latin American countries? Has China’s recent impact led to a structural shift in the underlying political economy of the region? Has this effect been, on balance, positive, negative, or too complex to be reducible to a normative analysis? Is it the case that, because of ongoing dynamics and the generation of ever newer accords, reached annually if not biannually between China and various Latin American countries, such an assessment lies only in the future?

Abstract, Rejoinder by Richard L. Harris

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract, Rejoinder 

by Richard L. Harris

Rhys Jenkins says I present a “rosy” view of China’s relations with Latin America and the Caribbean, and he contends I made “surprisingly few references” to the academic literature on these relations. I find this comment to be rather hypocritical, since his publications ignore the Chinese literature on this subject. Like most Western scholars, Jenkins is dismissive of what the Chinese have to say. I have lived, taught, and carried out research in the People’s Republic of China. It is hard for me to understand how the Chinese view of China’s relations with Latin America and the Caribbean can be ignored by most Western scholars and the media. My article exposes and criticizes these kinds of biases in the current Western production of knowledge on China–Latin American and Caribbean relations. It is not meant to be a thorough review of the academic literature on this subject.

Abstract, China’s Relations with the Latin American and Caribbean Countries: A Peaceful Panda Bear instead of a Roaring Dragon by Richard L. Harris

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract:  China’s Relations with the Latin American and Caribbean Countries: A Peaceful Panda Bear instead of a Roaring Dragon 

by Richard L. Harris

The Western academic literature and media coverage of the increasing economic and political relations between the People’s Republic of China (PRC or China) and the Latin American and Caribbean countries contains biases, fears, and misinformation about those relations. Closer examination reveals that Chinese trade, investment and loans have supported the left-leaning governments in the region that are attempting to develop alternative postcapitalist societies. China’s leaders seek allies among the developing countries to join with them in creating a new multipolar and more equitable global order. The PRC has launched a new economic strategy that makes consumer demand the main engine of China’s economic development. It seeks to boost productivity, reduce the country’s growing income disparities, and pursue an environmentally sustainable path of economic development based on advanced high-value and clean manufacturing technologies and renewable sources of clean energy. The PRC’s goal of developing a new ecological civilization will provide opportunities for the Latin American and Caribbean economies to export a more diversified basket of goods to China and attract Chinese investments and loans into new areas such as renewable energy.

Abstract, China and Cuba: 160 Years and Looking Ahead by Mao Xianglin, Adrian H. Hearn, and Liu Weiguang

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract:  China and Cuba: 160 Years and Looking Ahead 

by Mao Xianglin, Adrian H. Hearn, and Liu Weiguang

Sino-Cuban relations have deepened rapidly since the beginning of the twenty-first century, propelled by both political ideology and economic interests. A shared commitment to socialism with “local characteristics” has enabled the pursuit of an unusually broad range of cooperative initiatives. These include Chinese investment in the Cuban nickel and oil sectors, educational and medical exchange programs, the development of tourism, and engagement with the Chinese diaspora on the island. Data from Chinese sources on these spheres of engagement reflect an attempt to address contemporary needs with a blend of state and market forces. The intensification of Sino-Cuban relations over the past decade poses no challenge to the United States; on the contrary, it opens new opportunities for trilateral cooperation.

Abstract, Mexico, China, and the Politics of Trust by Adrian H. Hearn

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract:  Mexico, China, and the Politics of Trust 

by Adrian H. Hearn

Described by political scientists as a necessary condition for efficiency, productivity, and prosperity, trust has become a precept of good governance with global reach. The concept is often marshaled to support a conservative political agenda of state retrenchment and market deregulation. Proponents of this agenda argue that the natural inclination of private actors to trust and cooperate with each other is undermined by government monitoring and compliance regulations. The evidence from Mexico points to an alternative conclusion: when carefully targeted, state support to private actors has strengthened rather than impeded trusting relationships between suppliers, customers, and investors. Commercial competition with China raises an urgent challenge for Mexico’s government: to broaden the scope of its assistance beyond a narrow set of elite firms to small and medium-sized enterprises, including those of the resident Chinese community.

Abstract, Chinese Land Grabbing in Argentina and Colombia by Alicia Puyana and Agostina Costantino

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract:  Chinese Land Grabbing in Argentina and Colombia 

by Alicia Puyana and Agostina Costantino

Land grabbing by foreigners may be seen as the transfer of value from countries of the periphery to the countries of the center. China is one of the principal countries acquiring land in Latin America, and Argentina and Colombia are the main countries in which its investment is concentrated. The explicit objective of Chinese investment in land there is, in addition to the pursuit of profits in both food production and land value, acquiring a guaranteed supply of cheap food to sustain its low industrial wages and of Chinese manufactures to maintain its competitiveness at the international level. This makes this investment of crucial interest because it allows us to understand the dependent character of the development measures that are being employed in those Latin American countries despite their different ideological orientations.

Abstract, China Rising: Threats and Opportunities for Brazil by Marcelo Curado

:::::: Abstract ::::::

Abstract:  China Rising: Threats and Opportunities for Brazil 

by Marcelo Curado

China’s economic rise has caused a radical change in the operating conditions of the capitalist system and opened a wide range of opportunities and challenges for Brazil’s development. The Brazilian productive structure is going through great changes, key among them being the loss of importance of the manufacturing industry in job creation and in total GDP, and the efforts of Brazilian capitalists to promote investment and innovation have fallen short. The latter is a key element for an understanding of Brazilian industry’s weak participation in the highly competitive international scene. These opportunities and challenges can only be adequately addressed by the maintenance and expansion of the planning efforts of the state.