Showing posts with label Reform. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Reform. Show all posts

October 10, 2019

Abstract, Capitalism and Culture in Peru’s Neoliberal Process (1990–2013): Notes from an Ayacucho Community

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Capitalism and Culture in Peru’s Neoliberal Process (1990–2013): Notes from an Ayacucho Community


by Mario R. Cepeda-Caceres



Peruvian society underwent a profound transformation following the crisis of the 1980s and the structural reforms implemented in the 1990s. New paradigms were created in rural areas that connected previous discourses on local identity with market dynamics through tourism. The campesino community of Lucanas went from successful management of the vicuña to an economy that pursued market performance practices by adopting a neoliberal paradigm. A distinctive way of living with the structural changes, here called “culturally appropriated capitalism,” produced a new national consciousness—a new way of seeing and relating to the world, from the economic to the cultural.

January 29, 2019

Abstract The Political Dynamic of Redistribution in Unequal Democracies: The Center-Left Governments of Chile and Uruguay in Comparative Perspective

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The Political Dynamic of Redistribution in Unequal Democracies: The Center-Left Governments of Chile and Uruguay in Comparative Perspective



by Florencia Antía

The redistributive reforms carried out by center-left governments in Chile and Uruguay in the 2000s affected the core interests of economic elites. Efforts to increase taxes on high-income sectors and reform the institutions that regulate the capital-labor relationship produced different results in the two countries. While Uruguay adopted significant reforms, reforms in Chile were marginal in 2000–2010 and moderate in 2014–2016. Their different trajectories are related to different configurations of the distribution of power resources between the elites and the social organizations that represent the interests of low-income sectors.



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September 11, 2017

Political Report # 1275 Brasil vai entrar numa época de manifestações sindicais e sociais, diz sociólogo


Professor Ricardo Antunes analisa mercado de trabalho no Brasil e no mundo


 
Entrevista - Ricardo Antunes - Jornal do Brasil


O projeto de reforma trabalhista sinalizado pelo atual governo brasileiro é uma "imposição dos interesses financeiros que comandam a economia do país", aponta Ricardo Antunes, professor de Sociologia do Trabalho da Unicamp e autor de diversos livros sobre o tema, entre eles "Sentidos do Trabalho", publicado no Brasil, na Argentina, nos Estados Unidos, na Inglaterra, Holanda, Itália, Portugal e Índia; e "Adeus ao trabalho?", editado no Brasil, na Argentina, Venezuela, Colômbia, Espanha e Itália. "O cenário que vamos ter nos próximos dois trimestres é desalentador, e vai fazer com que o movimento sindical e os movimentos sociais lutem ardorosamente."
A repercussão do trabalho de Antunes em países do mundo inteiro permitiu ao professor debater e analisar tendências globais do mercado de trabalho. Em entrevista por telefone ao JB na noite de quarta-feira (31), Antunes traçou o caminho que o mercado de trabalho tem seguido no mundo, como os trabalhadores têm procurado se organizar para lidar com novos cenários e fez uma leitura da situação brasileira em meio à crise política e econômica.
"Nós vamos entrar numa época de confrontação social, de manifestações sindicais e sociais", destacou Antunes na entrevista. "O período que vai de 2016 a 2018 será uma sucessão amplificada e articulada de crises sociais e crises políticas."
Na ocasião de sua posse, o presidente Michel Temer destacou que vai "modernizar as leis trabalhistas, para garantir os atuais e gerar novos empregos”. Para Antunes, tal modernização abre caminho para uma série de mudanças "profundamente destrutivas" para a classe trabalhadora.
"Estamos no pior momento. Governo nenhum que destrói direitos diz que vai destruir direitos", ressalta Antunes. "Se o governo dissesse 'eu vou devastar', 'eu vou fazer uma verdadeira devastação social' ele teria o repúdio. Então, a grande alquimia, a falácia que é profunda falsidade, é dizer que eu vou criar direitos destruindo direitos."

November 23, 2016

Political Report # 1201 "Obama Built the Structures for Trump": A Terrifying Legacy of Mass Deportation



Jose Juan Moreno sits in the room at the University Church on Chicago's Southside where he has sought sanctuary from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) since April. (Photo: Hoda Katebi)




By Alex Shams, Truthout



For the last six months, Jose Juan Moreno has been confined to a small room above the University Church on Chicago's South Side. Safe inside, he cannot venture more than 50 steps from the corner where he sleeps. If he goes beyond that, US authorities have promised to deport him from the country.
Although he has lived 17 years in Chicago -- the only home any of his five American-born children have ever known -- Moreno originally crossed the border from Mexico without papers. Under US law, that means he is subject to arrest and deportation at any time, a status he shares with 11 million people in the United States considered "undocumented."
Earlier this year, Moreno received a deportation order from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the authority that carries out the raids and arrests that represent the strong arm of national immigration policy. He was told to leave by April 15, otherwise he'd be deported.
In response, Moreno did the only thing he could think of -- he sought sanctuary in the church, praying that even if the authorities would not respect his family or his long years of work in the US, at least they might respect the sanctity of a holy place.
So far, they have. But for how much longer is anybody's guess.

August 30, 2016

Exclusive, Oaxaca in Crisis: An Interview with Victoria Tenopala Juárez

As the school year starts, teachers in the highly indigenous Mexican state of Oaxaca are revving up their struggle against neoliberal education reform – two months after federal police massacred protesters near the town of Noxichtlán. The radical National Coordination of Education Workers (CNTE) has recently called for continuing road blockades and has pledged to continue its strike, and the freeing of political prisoners has been one aspect of their continuing negotiations with the Mexican Secretary of the Interior.

The following is an Aug. 4 interview with Victoria Tenopala Juárez, a member of the Council of Oaxacan Autonomous Organizations [COOA], who discusses the state of the movement as well as the case of her husband, the indigenous political prisoner César León Mendoza.

On June 19, eight Oaxacans were killed when federal police attempted to dislodge protesters’ highway blockade at Noxichtán, which they had maintained to pressure the government to undo the federal education reform, first fully enacted in Oaxaca in 2015. The independent journalist León Mendoza had long worked to support and document the movements against this and other neoliberal reforms, and was arrested in late 2015. He currently faces four charges, including attempted homicide. He was originally held at a state prison in Miahuatlán, Oaxaca, 2.5 hours from his family. Direct action campaigns in February 2016 in Oaxaca led to his transfer to the Ixcotel prison, in Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, which is closer to his family and support networks.

This interview was conducted in Spanish by Eric Larson*, who translated it and edited it for length.

July 29, 2016

Political Report # 1165 Popular Uprising Backs Striking Teachers in Southern Mexico



The fight for teachers' rights has blossomed into a movement against education privatization. This sign at a July 6 march says, "We parents support the teachers against the education reform." Photo: Valeria Méndez (CC BY-ND 2.0)




By Emily Keppler, Labor Notes



In Chiapas, Mexico, what started as a fight for teachers union power has exploded into a popular movement against the privatization of public education and the entire public sector.
Fifty thousand teachers, students, parents, and small-business owners marched at sunset July 11 through the streets of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, the capital city of Chiapas-in just one of at least 10 protests across five states.
Meanwhile an hour east, in the city of San Cristóbal de las Casas, parents, students, social justice organizations, and members of civil society were gathering for the 15th night of their highway blockade.
The protests came as representatives of the CNTE, the dissident caucus in the teachers union, met with federal representatives in Mexico City for their third dialogue on the controversial education reform.
The teachers have been fighting this reform since 2012, when the Mexican Congress passed the measure. It's being imposed gradually, region by region. But in the last few months, as the reform has encroached on the more militant southern states, the fight for teachers' rights has attracted more allies and blossomed into a movement against education privatization.


June 8, 2016

Political Report # 1149 Reflexionar sobre la universidad en pie de guerra By Pablo Pozzi LAP Editor





By Pablo Pozzi
LAP Editor



Luego de 20 días de paro en defensa de la universidad pública, el 12 de mayo miles y miles de docentes, no docentes y estudiantes universitarios argentinos se movilizaron por las calles del país. En realidad fue emocionante ver tanta juventud que reaccionaba a pesar de años de propaganda neoliberal denostando la educación pública y gratuita. Si bien los estudiantes se movilizaron en defensa de lo que son sus intereses, no puedo más que agradecer la solidaridad que expresaron con la reivindicación de nosotros, sus maestros. A veces la docencia te hace pensar que siembras en el viento, hasta que un hecho como éste revela que los esfuerzos, tarde o temprano, germinan. Al mismo tiempo es notable que buena parte del sindicalismo docente universitario, que colaboró con el anterior gobierno para mermar los salarios docentes durante los últimos cinco años (no olvidemos que la última paritaria otorgó un 23% de aumento en tres cuotas repartidas durante un año y medio junto a una clausula no huelga), se vio obligado por sus bases a movilizarse muy a pesar suyo. Una alegría constatar que tengamos capacidad de resistencia, y de decir que no.